Difference between revisions of "Guide to EU Elections"
m (→East Midlands: 5 seats) |
m (→East of England: 7 seats) |
||
Line 134: | Line 134: | ||
==== East of England: 7 seats ==== | ==== East of England: 7 seats ==== | ||
{{Columns|type=ol|width=15em|content= | {{Columns|type=ol|width=15em|content= | ||
− | <li value="1">{{party-logo| | + | <li value="1">{{party-logo|Greens}} Catherine Rowett {{Brexit|Remain}}</li> |
<li>{{party-logo|Greens}} Rupert Read {{Brexit|Remain}}</li> | <li>{{party-logo|Greens}} Rupert Read {{Brexit|Remain}}</li> | ||
<li>{{party-logo|Greens}} Martin Schmierer {{Brexit|Remain}}</li> | <li>{{party-logo|Greens}} Martin Schmierer {{Brexit|Remain}}</li> |
Revision as of 22:29, 28 April 2019
Contents
- 1 Who to Vote For
- 2 Voting: the d'Hondt System
- 3 MEP Candidate Lists 2019-2024
- 3.1 East Midlands: 5 seats
- 3.2 East of England: 7 seats
- 3.3 London: 8 seats
- 3.4 Northern Ireland: 3 seats
- 3.5 North East England: 3 seats
- 3.6 North West England: 8 seats
- 3.7 Scotland: 6 seats
- 3.8 South East England: 10 seats
- 3.9 South West England & Gibraltar: 6 seats
- 3.10 Wales: 4 seats
- 3.11 West Midlands: 7 seats
- 3.12 Yorkshire & the Humber: 6 seats
- 4 MEPs by Region 2014-2019
- 5 European Parliament Political Groups
- 5.1 EU Party Groupings 2014-2019
- 5.2 The EU Political Groups
- 5.2.1 European People's Party
- 5.2.2 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
- 5.2.3 European Conservatives and Reformists
- 5.2.4 Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
- 5.2.5 European United Left / Nordic Green Left
- 5.2.6 Greens / European Free Alliance
- 5.2.7 Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy
- 5.2.8 Europe of Nations and Freedom
- 5.2.9 Non-Inscrits
- 6 References
The 2019 EU elections are likely to be the most consequential in a generation. Brexit has spurred nationalist, anti-EU groups across Europe, many of whom see the elections as a referendum on the EU's survival. Plus, the EU is still dealing with the fallout from years of austerity, together with the 2015 migration crisis and the subsequent far-right surge. Anti-establishment and nationalist parties are expected to make further gains, and could disrupt the way the EU works if they can find a way to work together.ref
When: Every 5 years, EU voters go to the polls to elect their Members of the European Parliament (MEPs). Candidates can either stand independently, or as representatives of one of their country's political parties.
Registration deadline: May.07.2019. You need to register for each EU Parliament election.
EU Elections 2019: May.23-26.
- If you live in your home country, you can only vote for the EU candidates standing for election in your own country.
- If you are registered and live in another EU country, you can
either: vote for candidates standing in your home country,
or: participate in the election of your host country and vote for candidates standing in that country.[1]
Number of MEPs: Each EU member state has a set number of seats, roughly proportional to the size of its population; the UK has 73. MEPs are elected in multi-seat regional constituencies. The UK is divided into 12 regions; each region has a set number of seats, roughly proportional to the size of its population; elected MEPs represent a particular region.
Who to Vote For
- This is a numbers game. Beg, cajole, bribe, or use brute force to get your friends, family, the shopkeeper, out there and vote.
- Look at the Candidate Lists for your Region, and note what position (ranking) your preferred choice is in. If s/he is 3rd or lower, there is very little chance they will win a seat. The d'Hondt system forces you to vote for parties rather than candidates; the two parties with the most votes typically end up with the most seats. See § Voting: the d'Hondt System on how it works; and see § MEPs by Region 2014-2019 for how the 2014-2019 MEP elections turned out.
- Check your preferred candidate's stance on issues that matter to you.
Brexit: Remainers are going to have to vote tactically. The danger is the vote being split between multiple parties. A #RemainAlliance of Greens/Independent Group/LibDems would have solved this problem, but instead they are playing party politics.[2][3] The LibDems and Greens want the proxy war and momentum to convince people they can get seats at a General Election. The Independent Group see this as a dry run. As for Labour, some MEPs support #Remain, others do not. Same goes for the Conservatives.
A moral victory is useless if Brexiters win, so put aside your angst. It is likely that Labour will spin votes for Labour MEPs as "a vote for a Labour Brexit", but #Remainers needs to swallow hard and vote tactically. Same goes for LibDems: forget austerity and student fees for now.[3]
Remainers need to work together to consolidate their vote in each area. For eg, if your region's dominant party is Labour, and you vote Green or LibDem, where your party support is under UKIP, you're gifting UKIP a seat. But if higher, you want more! Some areas, like the SE, are so BluKIP heavy it needs a massive push. Indeed, to wipe out UKIP would be impossible without voting Tory. But pockets like London must push for Lab really hard.@AngryNorthernUK
- Northern Ireland:
- Sinn Féin
- Ulster Unionist Party:
- Alliance Party of Northern Ireland and Social Democratic and Labour Party are both anti-Brexit. With Sinn Féin elected, SDLP will transfer to Alliance (which will include some unionist Remainers) more than the other way around. Vote tactically first for the Alliance Party, then for SDLP.
- Scotland: Scottish National Party
- Wales: Plaid Cymru
- England:
- Green Party
- Labour
- LibDems
- Conservatives
- The Independent Group: the jury is still out as to whether TIG are truly Remain; they've avoided putting anything in writing so far: see this Twitter thread. Ignore them; the fledgling party is too small to make any impact, and will further fragment the vote.
Voting: the d'Hondt System
In England, Scotland and Wales the voting system is the d'Hondt system of proportional representation. In Northern Ireland, the system is Single Transferable Vote.[4] CGP Grey has an excellent animation which clearly explains STV.
Under the d'Hondt system, you vote for parties rather than for individual MEPs. The most important thing to note is that candidates are selected in order of their ranking, so if your preferred candidate is more than half-way down, it is very likely they won't win a seat.
- Each party submits a list of candidates, ranked in order of preference. The number of candidates cannot be more than the number of seats in a given region.
- The ballot paper lists the parties' names and their candidates, and any independent candidates.
- A number of Selection Rounds takes place; at the start of each Round, the party with the most votes wins a seat, and their current total is then calculated by (Total Votes) ÷ (No. of Seats Won + 1).
- When a party wins a seat, the candidate at the top of their list is selected.
- Selection Rounds are repeated until all seats are filled.
Example
- Total Votes: The votes for each party are added up; any party that has less than 5% of the total vote is eliminated. In our example, all 4 parties make it through.
- Round 1: Greens have the most votes, so win a seat; then 100,000 ÷ (1 seat + 1) = 50,000.
- Round 2: UKIP had the most votes at the end of Round 1, so win a seat; then 80,000 ÷ (1 seat + 1) = 40,000.
- Round 3: Greens came out top at the end of Round 2, so win a seat; then 100,000 ÷ (2 seats + 1) = 33,333.
- Round 4: UKIP had the most votes at the end of Round 3, so win a seat; then 80,000 ÷ (2 seats + 1) = 26,666.
- Round 5: Greens came top at the end of Round 4, so win a seat; then 100,000 ÷ (3 seats + 1) = 25,000.
Party | Total Votes | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 | Round 4 | Round 5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Greens | 100,000 | 50,000 (100,000/2) | 50,000 | 33,333 (100,000/3) | 33,333 | 25,000 (100,000/4) | |
UKIP | 80,000 | 80,000 | 40,000 (80,000/2) | 40,000 | 26,666 (80,000/3) | 26,666 | |
Labour | 20,000 | 20,000 | 20,000 | 20,000 | 20,000 | 20,000 | |
Conservatives | 30,000 | 30,000 | 30,000 | 30,000 | 30,000 | 15,000 | |
Seats won |
MEP Candidate Lists 2019-2024
People's Vote: shows a candidate's stance on a People's Vote. Blanks mean we don't know.
East Midlands: 5 seats
- Kat Boettge
- Gerhard Lohmann-Bond
- Liam McClelland
- Daniel Wimberley
- Simon Tooke
- Bill Newton Dunn
- Michael Mullaney
- Lucy Care
- Suzanna Austin
- Caroline Kenyon
- Kate Godfrey
- Joan Laplana
- Narinder Sharma
- Pankajhumar Gulab
- Emma-Jane Marley
- Simon Rood
- Nick Byatt
- Marianne Overton
- Daniel Simpson
- Pearl Clarke
- Nikki Dillon
- Rory Palmer †
- Leonie Mathers
- Tony Tinley
- Nicolle Ndiweni
- Gary Godden
- Emma McClarkin
- Rupert Matthews
- Anthony Harper
- Brendan Clarke-Smith
- Thomas Randall
- Annunziata Rees-Mogg
- Jonathan Bullock
- Matthew Patten
- Tracy Knowles
- Anna Louisa Bailey
- Alan Graves Snr
- Marietta King
- Anil Bhatti
- Fran Loi
- John Evans
East of England: 7 seats
- Catherine Rowett
- Rupert Read
- Martin Schmierer
- Fiona Radic
- Paul Jeater
- Pallavi Devulapalli
- Jeremy Caddick
- Barbara Gibson
- Lucy Nethsingha
- Fionna Tod
- Stephen Robinson
- Sandy Walkington
- Marie Goldman
- Julia Ewart
- Emma Taylor
- Neil Carmichael
- Bhavna Joshi
- Michelle de Vries
- Amanda Gummer
- Thomas Graham
- Roger Casale
- Attila Csordas
- Robin Tilbrook
- Charles Vickers
- Bridget Vickers
- Paul Wiffen
- Alexandra Mayer †
- Chris Vince
- Sharon Taylor
- Alvin Shum
- Anna Smith
- Adam Scott
- Javeria Hussain
- Geoffrey van Orden
- John Flack
- Joe Rich
- Thomas McLaren
- Joel Charles
- Wassim Mughal
- Thomas Smith
- Richard Tice
- Michael Heaver
- June Mummery
- Paul Hearn
- Priscilla Huby
- Sean Lever
- Edmund Forham
- Stuart Agnew †
- Paul Oakley
- Liz Jones
- William Ashpole
- Alan Graves Jnr
- John Wallace
- John Whitby
London: 8 seats
- Scott Aisline
- Gulnar Hasnain
- Shahrar Ali
- Rachel Collinson
- Eleanor Margolies
- Remo van der Stoep
- Kirsten De Keyser
- Peter Underwood
- Irina Von Wiese
- Dinesh Dhamija
- Luisa Porritt
- Jonathan Fryer
- Hussain Khan
- Helen Cross
- Graham Colley
- Rabina Khan
- Pierre Kirk
- Richard Stevens
- Saleyha Ahsan
- Anna Novikova
- Angela Antetomaso
- Richard Boardman
- Catherine Mayer
- Bea Gare
- Nanci Hogan
- Aliyah Dunbar-Hussain
- Hannah Barham-Brown
- Alison Marshall
- Olivia Vincenti
- Leyla Mohan
- Vanessa Hudson
- Jane Smith
- Sam Morland
- Ranjan Joshi
- Mina de Rui
- Jonathan Homan
- Gavin Esler
- Jan Vincent-Rostowski
- Carole Tongue
- Annabelle Mullin
- Karen Newman
- Ali Naiery (withdrawn)
- Nora Mulready
- Jessica Simor
- Daze Aghaji
- Steve Bray (w'drawn)
- Roger Hallam
- Alan Kirby
- Kofi Mawuli Klu
- Zoe Delemere Lafferty
- Claudia McDowell
- Andrew Medhurst
- Henry Muss
- Mike Shad
- Ian Sowden
- Andrea Venzon
- Claude Moraes †
- Seb Dance †
- Katy Clark
- Laura Parker
- Murad Qureshi
- Taranjit Chana
- James Beckles
- Sanchia Alasia
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Syed Kamall
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Charles Tannock
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Joy Morrissey
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Timothy Barnes
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Scott Pattenden
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Attic Rahman
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Kirsty Finlayson
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Luke Parker
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Benyamin Habib
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Lance Forman
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Graham Shore
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Alka Cuthbert
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Jimi Ogunnusi
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Simon Marcus
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Mehrtash A'zami
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Aileen Quinton
- Gerard Batten †
- Richard Braine
- Peter Muswell
- Freddy Vachha
- Peter McIlvenna
- Robert Stephenson
- John Poynton
- Ronie Johnson
Northern Ireland: 3 seats
- Martina Anderson †
- Clare Bailey
- Colum Eastwood
- Naomi Long
- Diane Dodds †
- Jim Allister
- Amandeep Singh Bhogal
- Danny Kennedy
- Neil McCann
- Jane Morrice
- Robert Hill
North East England: 3 seats
- Rachel Featherstone
- Jonathan Elmer
- Dawn Furness
- Fiona Hall
- Julie Porksen
- Aidan King
- Frances Weetman
- Penny Hawley
- Kathryn Heywood
- Judith Kirton-Darling †
- Paul Brannen †
- Clare Penny-Evans
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Richard Lawrie
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Chris Galley
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Duncan Crute
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Brian Monteith
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> John Tennant
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Richard Monaghan
- Richard Elvin
- Chris Gallacher
- Alan Breeze
North West England: 8 seats
- Gina Dowding
- Wendy Olsen
- Jessica Northey
- Geraldine Coggins
- Rosie Mills
- Astrid Johnson
- Daniel Jerrome
- James Booth
- Chris Davies
- Jane Brophy
- Helen Grime
- Anna Fryer
- Sam Al-Hamdani
- Rebecca Forrest
- John Studholme
- Frederick Van Mierlo
- Sophie Catherine Larroque
- Andrea Cooper
- Daniel Price
- Arun Banerji
- Michael Taylor
- Philippa Olive
- Victoria Desmond
- Andrew Graystone
- Elisabeth Knight
- Mohammad Aslam
- Tommy Robinson
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "English-Democrats"." width="25" height="20"/> Stephen Morris
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "English-Democrats"." width="25" height="20"/> Valerie Morris
- Theresa Griffin †
- Julie Ward †
- Wajid Khan †
- Erica Lewis
- David Brennan
- Claire Cozler
- Saf Ismail
- Yvonne Tennant
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Sajjad Karim
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Kevin Beaty
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Jane Howard
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Arnold Saunders
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Wendy Maisey
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Thomas Lord
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Anthony Pickles
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Attika Choudary
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Claire Fox
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Henrik Nielsen
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> David Bull
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Gary Harvey
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Ajay Jagota
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Elizabeth Babade
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Sally Bate
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> John Banks
- Adam Richardson
- Jeffrey Armstrong
- Fiona Mills
- Nate Rydings
- Michael Felse
- Ben Fryer
- John Booker
- Alan Craig
Scotland: 6 seats
- Alyn Smith †
- Christian Allard
- Aileen McLeod
- Margaret Ferrier
- Heather Anderson
- Alex Kerr
- Maggie Chapman
- Lorna Slater
- Gillian Mackay
- Chas Booth
- Mags Hall
- Allan Faulds
- Sheila Ritchie
- Fred Mackintosh
- Catriona Bhatia
- Vita Zaporozcenko
- John Edward
- Clive Sneddon
- Ken Parke
- Gordon Edgar
- Joseph Russo (w'drawn)
- David Macdonald
- Kate Forman
- Peter Griffiths
- Heather Astbury
- Catherine Edgeworth
- David Martin †
- Jayne Baxter
- Craig Miller
- Amy Lee Fraioli
- Callum O’Dwyer
- Angela Bretherton
- Nosheena Mobarik †
- Iain McGill
- Shona Haslam
- Iain Whyte
- Andrea Gee
- Michael Kusznir
- Louis Stedman-Bryce
- Karina Walker
- James Ferguson-Hannah
- Stuart Waiton
- Paul Aitken
- Calum Walker
- Donald MacKay
- Janice MacKay
- Otto Inglis
- Mark Meechan
- Roy Hill
- Neil Wilson
South East England: 10 seats
- Alexandra Phillips
- Elise Benjamin
- Vix Lowthion
- Leslie Groves Williams
- Phelim MacCafferty
- Jan Doerfel
- Larry Sanders
- Isabella Moir
- Oliver Sykes
- Jonathan Essex
- Catherine Bearder †
- Anthony Hook
- Judith Bunting
- Martin Tod
- Liz Leffman
- Chris Bowers
- Giles Goodall
- Ruvi Ziegler
- Nick Perry
- John Vincent
- Pacelli Ndikumana
- Clinton Powell
- Jason McMahon
- David Round
- Michael Turberville
- Richard Ashworth
- Victoria Groulef
- Warren Morgan
- Eleanor Fuller
- Robin Bextor
- Nicholas Mazzei
- Suzana Carp
- Phil Murphy
- Heather Allen
- Diane Yeo
- Mandy Bruce
- Raymond Carr
- David Chesham
- Robert Cox
- Michael Foster
- Stephen Harper
- Neil Kirk
- Anton Pruden
- Andrew Thomas-Emans
- Darren Williams
- John Howarth †
- Cathy Shutt
- Arran Neathey
- Emma Turnball
- Rohit Dasgupta
- Amy Fowler
- Duncan Enright
- Lubna Arshad
- Simon Burgess
- Rachael Ward
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Daniel Hannan
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Nirj Deva
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Richard Robinson
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Michael Whiting
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Juliette Ash
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Anna Firth
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Adrian Pepper
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Clarence Mitchell
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Neva Sadikoglu-Novaky
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Caroline Newton
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Nigel Farage
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Alexandra Phillips
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Robert Rowland
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Belinda de Lucy
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> James Bartholomew
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Christopher Ellis
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> John Kennedy
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Matthew Taylor
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> George Farmer
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Peter Wiltshire
- Piers Wauchope
- Liz Phillips
- Daryll Pitcher
- Toby Brothers
- Tony Gould
- Clive Egan
- Troy De Leon
- Alan Stone
- Judy Moore
- Pat Mountain
South West England & Gibraltar: 6 seats
- Molly Scott Cato †
- Cleo Lake
- Carla Suzanne
- Tom Scott
- Martin Dimery
- Karen La Borde
- Caroline Voaden
- Martin Horwood
- Stephen Williams
- Eleanor Rylance
- David Chalmers
- Luke Stagnetto
- Rachel Johnson
- Jim Godfrey
- Oliver Middleton
- Matthew Hooberman
- Elizabeth-Anne Sewell
- Crispin Hunt
- Larch Maxey
- Mothiur Rahman
- Neville Seed
- Clare Moody †
- Andrew Adonis
- Jayne Kirkham
- Neil Guild
- Yvonne Atkinson
- Sadik Al-Hassan
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Ashley Fox
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> James Mustoe
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Faye Purbrick
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Claire Hiscott
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> James Taghdissian
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Emmeline Owens
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Ann Widdecombe
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> James Glancy
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Christina Jordan
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Ann Tarr
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Roger Lane-Nott
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Nicola Darke
- Lawrence Webb
- Carl Benjamin
- Tony McIntyre
- Lester Taylor
- Stephen Lee
- Richard Wright
Wales: 4 seats
- Jill Evans †
- Carmen Smith
- Patrick McGuinness
- Ioan Bellin
- Anthony Slaughter
- Ian Chandler
- Ceri Davies
- Duncan Rees
- Sam Bennett
- Donna Lalek
- Alistair Cameron
- Andrew Parkhurst
- Jon Owen Jones
- June Davies
- Matthew Paul
- Sally Stephenson
- Jackie Jones
- Matthew Dorrance
- Mary Wimbury
- Mark Whitcutt
- Dan Boucher
- Craig Lawton
- Fay Jones
- Tomos Davies
- Nathan Gill †
- James Wells
- Gethin James
- Julie Price
- Kris Hicks
- Keith Edwards
- Tom Harrison
- Robert McNeil-Wilson
West Midlands: 7 seats
- Ellie Chowns
- Diana Toynbee
- Paul Woodhead
- Julian Dean
- Louis Stephen
- Helen Heathfield
- Kefentse Dennis
- Phil Bennion
- Ade Adeyemo
- Jeanie Falconer
- Jenny Wilkinson
- Jennifer Gray
- Lee Dargue
- Beverley Nielsen
- Stephen Dorrell
- Charlotte Gath
- Peter Wilding
- Amrik Kandola
- Joanna McKenna
- Victor Odusanya
- Lucinda Empson
- Neena Gill †
- Siôn Simon †
- Julia Buckley
- Ansar Ali Khan
- Zarah Sultana
- Samuel Hennessy
- Liz Clements
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Anthea McIntyre
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Daniel Dalton
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Suzanne Webb
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Meirion Jenkins
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Alexander Phillips
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Mary Noone
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Ahmed Ejaz
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Rupert Lowe
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Martin Daubney
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Andrew Kerr
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Vishal Khatri
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Nikki Page
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Laura Kevehazi
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Katharine Harborne
- Ernie Warrender
- Paul Williams
- Graham Eardley
- Paul Allen
- Nigel Ely
- Joe Smyth
- Derek Bennett
Yorkshire & the Humber: 6 seats
- Magid Magid
- Alison Teal
- Andrew Cooper
- Louise Houghton
- Lars Kramm
- Ann Forsaith
- Shaffaq Mohammed
- Rosina Robson
- James Blanchard
- Sophie Thornton
- James Baker
- Ruth Coleman-Taylor
- Diana Wallis
- Juliet Lodge
- Sophia Bow
- Joshua Malkin
- Ros McMullen
- Steve Wilson
- Chris Whitwood
- Mike Jordan
- Jack Carrington
- Laura-Marie Walker
- Bob Buxton
- Dan Cochran
- David Allen
- Tony Allen
- Joanne Allen
- Fiona Allen
- Richard Corbett †
- Eloise Todd
- Mohammed Khan
- Jayne Allport
- Martin Mayer
- Alison Hume
- John Procter
- Amjad Bashir
- Michael Naughton
- Andrew Lee
- Matthew Freckleton
- Susan Pascoe
- John Longworth
- Lucy Harris
- Jake Pugh
- James Heartfield
- Andrew Allison
- Christopher Barker
- Mike Hookem †
- Gary Shores
- John Hancock
- David Dews
- Graham Waddicar
- Cliff Parsons
MEPs by Region 2014-2019
- East Midlands [5]
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Jonathan Bullock
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Margot Parker
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Emma McClarkin
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Rupert Matthews
- Rory Palmer
- East of England [7]
- John Stuart Agnew
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Timür Aker
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Social-Democratic"." width="25" height="20"/> Patrick O'Flynn
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> David Campbell Bannerman
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> John Flack
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Geoffrey Van Orden
- Alexandra Mayer
- London [8]
- Gerard Batten
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Green-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Jean Lambert
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Syed Kamall
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Charles Tannock
- Lucy Anderson
- Seb Dance
- Mary Honeyball
- Claude Moraes
- Northern Ireland [3]
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Democratic-Unionist-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Diane Dodds Non-Inscrit
- Martina Anderson
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Ulster-Unionist"." width="25" height="20"/> James Nicholson
- North East England [3]
UKIPJonathan Arnott- Paul Brannen
- Judith Kirton-Darling
- North West England [8]
- Theresa Griffin
- Wajid Khan
- Julie Ward
UKIPSteven Woolfe Non-InscritUKIPLouise Bours- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Paul Nuttall
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Jacqueline Foster
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Sajjad Karim
- Scotland [6]
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> David Coburn
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Scottish-National-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Ian Hudghton
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Scottish-National-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Alyn Smith
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Nosheena Mobarik
- David Martin
- South East England [10]
UKIPJanice Atkinson- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Nigel Farage
- Raymond Finch
UKIPDiane James- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Green-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Keith Taylor
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Liberal-Democrats"." width="25" height="20"/> Catherine Bearder
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Nirj Deva
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Daniel Hannan
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Independent-Group"." width="25" height="20"/> Richard Ashworth
- John Howarth
- South West England & Gibraltar [6]
- Clare Moody
UKIPWilliam Dartmouth- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Julia Reid
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Green-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Molly Scott Cato
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Ashley Fox
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Independent-Group"." width="25" height="20"/> Julie Girling
- Wales [4]
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Nathan Gill
- Jill Evans
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Kay Swinburne
- Derek Vaughan
- West Midlands [7]
UKIPJames Carver- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> William Etheridge
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Jill Seymour
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Daniel Dalton
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Anthea McIntyre
- Neena Gill
- Siôn Simon
- Yorkshire & the Humber [6]
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Amjad Bashir
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> John Procter
- Jane Collins
- Mike Hookem Non-Inscrit
- Richard Corbett
- Linda McAvan
MEPs by UK Party 2014-2019
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Democratic-Unionist-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> DUP [1]
- Diane Dodds, Northern Ireland Non-Inscrit
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Liberal-Democrats"." width="25" height="20"/> Liberal Democrats [1]
- Catherine Bearder, South East England
- Plaid Cymru [1]
- Jill Evans, Wales
- Sinn Fein [1]
- Martina Anderson, Northern Ireland
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Social-Democratic"." width="25" height="20"/> Social Democrats [1]
- Patrick O'Flynn East of England
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Ulster-Unionist"." width="25" height="20"/> Ulster-Unionist [1]
- James Nicholson, Northern Ireland
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Independent-Group-Change-UK"." width="25" height="20"/> Independent Group [2]
- Richard Ashworth
- Julie Girling
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Scottish-National-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Scottish National Party [2]
- Ian Hudghton, Scotland
- Alyn Smith, Scotland
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Green-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Green Party [3]
- Jean Lambert, London
- Molly Scott Cato, South West England
- Keith Taylor, South East England
- UKIP [5]
- John Stuart Agnew, East of England
- Gerard Batten, London
- Jane Collins, Yorkshire & Humber
- Raymond Finch, South East England
- Mike Hookem, Yorkshire & Humber Non-Inscrit
UKIPIndependent / Unaffiliated [7]- Jonathan Arnott, North East England,
- Janice Atkinson, South East England
- Louise Bours, North West England
- James Carver, West Midlands
- William Dartmouth, South West England
- Diane James, South East England
- Steven Woolfe, North West England Non-Inscrit
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> Brexit Party [10]
- Timür Aker, East of England
- Jonathan Bullock, East Midlands
- David Coburn, Scotland
- William Etheridge, West Midlands
- Nigel Farage, South East England
- Nathan Gill, Wales
- Paul Nuttall, North West England
- Margot Parker, East Midlands
- Julia Reid, South West England
- Jill Seymour, West Midlands
- <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> Conservatives [18]
- David Campbell Bannerman, East of England
- Amjad Bashir, Yorkshire & Humber
- Daniel Dalton, West Midlands
- Nirj Deva, South East England
- John Flack, East of England
- Jacqueline Foster, North West England
- Ashley Fox, South West England & Gib.
- Daniel Hannan, South East England
- Syed Kamall London
- Sajjad Karim, North West England
- Rupert Matthews, East Midlands
- Emma McClarkin, East Midlands
- Anthea McIntyre, West Midlands
- Nosheena Mobarik, Scotland
- John Procter, Yorkshire & Humber
- Kay Swinburne, Wales
- Charles Tannock, London
- Geoffrey Van Orden, East of England
- Labour [19]
- Lucy Anderson, London
- Paul Brannen, North East England
- Richard Corbett, Yorkshire & Humber
- Seb Dance, London
- Neena Gill, West Midlands
- Theresa Griffin, North West England
- Mary Honeyball, London
- John Howarth, South East England
- Wajid Khan, North West England
- Judith Kirton-Darling, North East England
- David Martin, Scotland
- Alexandra Mayer, East of England
- Linda McAvan, Yorkshire & Humber
- Clare Moody South West England & Gib.
- Claude Moraes, London
- Rory Palmer, East Midlands
- Siôn Simon, West Midlands
- Derek Vaughan, Wales
- Julie Ward, North West England
European Parliament Political Groups
In the European Parliament, MEPs sit in one of 8 political groups, which include MEPs from all across the EU who share the same political affiliation. They do so because it gives them more political power by working together, ie. there is strength in numbers. See also Political groups of the European Parliament
EU Party Groupings 2014-2019
European Parliament Political Groups | Brexit | UK Political Parties | ||||
EPP: § European People's Party | <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Independent-Group-Change-UK"." width="25" height="20"/> (2) | |||||
S&D: § Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats | (19) | |||||
ECR: § European Conservatives and Reformists | <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Conservatives"." width="25" height="20"/> (18) | <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Ulster-Unionist"." width="25" height="20"/> (1) | ||||
ALDE: § Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe | <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Liberal-Democrats"." width="25" height="20"/> (1) | |||||
GUE/NGL: § European United Left / Nordic Green Left | (1) | |||||
Greens/EFA: § Greens / European Free Alliance | (1) | <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Scottish-National-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> (2) | <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Green-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> (3) | |||
EFDD: § Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy | <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Brexit-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> (10) | (2) | <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Social-Democratic"." width="25" height="20"/> (1) | |||
ENF: § Europe of Nations and Freedom | (2) | |||||
NI: § Non-Inscrits | <img src="https://www.wikicorporates.org/Images/Something went wrong in Template:party-logo: no such switch option "Democratic-Unionist-Party"." width="25" height="20"/> (1) | (1) |
The EU Political Groups
Note: this Guide only covers UK MEPs. The European Parliament website has an excellent search page for all sitting MEPs.
European People's Party
Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
European Conservatives and Reformists
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
European United Left / Nordic Green Left
Greens / European Free Alliance
Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy
Europe of Nations and Freedom
Non-Inscrits
References
- ^ European elections: Your right to vote. European Union. Accessed Apr.12.2019.
- ^ Green Party Statement on Fielding Joint Remain Lists. The Green Party, Apr.18.2019.
- ^ a b Britain will have its second referendum – at the EU elections on 23 May. It’s a pity that the most unambiguously pro-European and pro-referendum parties have not had the time, or the shared political will, to make a single combined candidates’ list. However, there is still some room for tactical voting, with voters gathering behind the strongest pro-European party in a given electoral region. Timothy Garton Ash, The Guardian, Apr.18.2019.
- ^ The Voting System. Liaison Office in the United Kingdom, European Parliament. Accessed Apr.12.2019.